Summary: In this peanut study, 51 races of cultivated peanuts are distinguished for Ecuador, of which 18 belong toArachis hypogaeasubsp.hypogaeavar.hypogaea, 1 toArachis hypogaeasubsp.hypogaeavar.hirsuta, 13 toArachis hypogaeasubsp.fastigiatavar.fastigiata, 10 toArachis hypogaeasubsp.fastigiatavar.peruviana, 9 toArachis hypogaeasubsp.fastigiatavar.aequatoriana; var.aequatorianais almost exclusive to the Republic of Ecuador, which indicates another important genocenter.

Resumen: En este estudio para maní, se diferencian para Ecuador 51 razas de maní cultivados, de las cuales 18 pertenecen aArachis hypogaeasubsp.hypogaeavar.hypogaea,unaArachis hypogaeasubsp.hypogaeavar.hirsuta, 13 aArachis hypogaeasubsp.fastigiatavar.fastigiata, 10 aArachis hypogaeasubsp.fastigiatavar.peruviana, 9 aArachis hypogaeasubsp.fastigiatavar.aequatoriana;la var.aequatoriana, es casi exclusiva de la República del Ecuador, lo que indica otro genocentro importante.

Marine strains of Bacillus are known to produce secondary metabolites different from that accumulated by their terrestrial counterparts, for example, lipopeptides such as surfactins, iturins and fengycins, which exhibit a variety of biological activities. Another important class of lipopeptides are pumilacidins, identified specially from Bacillus pumilus strains, usually by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques. In this work, five knowns pumilacidins were isolated from the solid culture of the marine-derived bacterium Bacillus sp. 4040. The structures of compounds, pumilacidins A-E, were determined using a combination of mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and comparison with reported data. The 1H and 13C NMR data of pumilacidin B is being described here for the first time. All compounds were evaluated against five microorganisms, but no antimicrobial activity was detected.

O presente estudo foi realizado com dois espécimes do molusco nudipleura Pleurobranchus areolatus que demonstraram acumular derivados oxidados da rodriguesina A. O ácido rodriguêsico apresenta um grupo ácido carboxílico no lugar do grupo metila de uma cadeia alquila terminal da rodriguesina A. Um grupo hidroxamato foi observado na porção dicetopiperazínica do ácido rodriguêsico. As estruturas do ácido rodriguêsico e do hidroxamato do ácido rodriguêsico foram estabelecidas por análise de seus dados espectroscópicos, inclusive sua configuração absoluta. Dois ésteres metílicos dos ácidos rodriguêsicos foram isolados como compostos majoritários, porém considerados como artefatos de isolamento.

In the present investigation, two specimens of the nudipleuran mollusc Pleurobranchus areolatus have shown to accumulate oxidized rodriguesin A derivatives. Rodriguesic acid presents a carboxylic acid replacing the terminal methyl group of the alkyl chain of rodriguesin A. A hydroxamate group was also present on the diketopiperazine moiety of a rodriguesic acid derivative. The structures of both rodriguesic acid and of rodriguesic acid hydroxamate have been established by analysis of spectroscopic data, including their absolute configuration. Two methyl esters of the rodriguesic acids have been isolated as major compounds, but were considered to be isolation artifacts.

Dois derivados cumarínicos, o ester metílico do ácido 4-esculetinocarboxílico (1) e o éster etílico do ácido 4-esculetinocarboxílico (2), foram isolados da esponja marinha Axinella cf. corrugata. A determinação estrutural dos compostos isolados foi realizada pela análise de seus dados espectroscópicos e pela síntese do composto 2. Estes são os primeiros derivados cumarínicos isolados de uma esponja marinha. O éster etílico 2 apresentou atividade in vitro contra a SARS 3Cl-protease e de inibição de células Vero infectadas com o SARS coronavírus, em concentrações que não provocaram citotoxicidade.

Two coumarin derivatives, esculetin-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1) and esculetin-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2), have been isolated from the marine sponge Axinella cf. corrugata. Structure determination included analysis of spectroscopic data and total synthesis of compound 2. These are the first coumarin derivatives isolated from a marine sponge. The ethyl ester 2 was found to be an in vitro inhibitor of SARS 3CL-protease and an effective inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication in Vero cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations.